The Use of Brain-Computer Interface Technology in the Restoration of the Upper Limb Functions from Spinal Cord Injuries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520503Keywords:
BCI, SCI, ALS, EEG, upper arm, arm, handAbstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) can result in lifelong disability from the disconnection of the neural pathways in the spine to the brain, causing motor and functional deficits. In recent years, there has been growing interest in applying Brain-Computer Spinal Interface (BCI) technology to address the challenges individuals face with SCI.
A systematic literature review resulted in a comprehensive analysis of existing studies on BCI for SCI. The selected studies covered various approaches to BCI for restoring motor function in participants with an SCI. The BCI interventions ranged from non-invasive electroencephalography-based systems to more invasive technologies involving neural implants on the cortex of the brain and the epidural space on the spine.
The key findings of this review suggest that BCI technologies hold promise in significantly improving the quality of life and functional capabilities of individuals with SCI. Many studies reported significant improvements in motor function, communication, and overall well-being following BCI interventions. These interventions often facilitated direct communication between the brain and the spinal cord, bypassing the disconnected pathways between the brain and the spine caused by SCI.
References
Middleton JW, Dayton A, Walsh J, Rutkowski SB, Leong G, Duong S, et al.. Life expectancy after spinal cord injury: a 50-year study. Spinal Cord. (2012) 50:803–11. doi:10.1038/sc.2012.55.
National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Facts and Figures. Birmingham, AL: University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2022.
Alizadeh, A., Dyck, S. M., & Karimi-Abdolrezaee, S. (2019). Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: An Overview of Pathophysiology, Models and Acute Injury Mechanisms. Frontiers in neurology, 10, 282. doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00282.
Cui, Z., Fu, X., Wan, X., Li, J., Chen, W., Zhu, S., & Li, Y. (2021). The brain-computer interface-based robot gives spinal cord injury patients a full-cycle active rehabilitation. 2021 9th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), 1–5. doi:10.1109/BCI51272.2021.9385371
Muller-Putz, G. R., Pereira, J., Ofner, P., Schwarz, A., Dias, C. L., Kobler, R. J., Hehenberger, L., Pinegger, A., & Sburlea, A. I. (2018). Towards non-invasive brain-computer interface for hand/arm control in users with spinal cord injury. 2018 6th International Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), 1–4. doi:10.1109/IWW-BCI.2018.8311498.
Samejima, S., Khorasani, A., Ranganathan, V., Nakahara, J., Tolley, N. M., Boissenin, A., Shalchyan, V., Daliri, M. R., Smith, J. R., & Moritz, C. T. (2021). Brain-Computer-Spinal Interface Restores Upper Limb Function After Spinal Cord Injury. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, 29, 1233–1242. doi:10.1109/TNSRE.2021.3090269
Rudra RT, Farkas GJ, Haidar S, Slavoski KE, Lokey NE, Hudson TR. Complementary alternative medicine practices and beliefs in spinal cord injury and non-spinal cord injured individuals. J Spinal Cord Med. 2018 Nov;41(6):659-666. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2017.
Varas-Díaz G, Brunetti EP, Rivera-Lillo G and Maldonado PE (2017) Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury Exhibit Reduced Autonomic Modulation during an Emotion Recognition Task. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 11:59. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00059.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 J of Neurophysiological Monitoring
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
